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Defining clauses
A
defining or identifying clause tells us which
specific person or thing we are talking about in a larger group of
people or things. If a defining relative clause is removed, the meaning
of the sentence changes significantly. A defining relative clause is not
separated from the rest of the sentence by commas or parentheses.
Examples
-
The woman who visited me in the hospital was very kind.
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The umbrella that I bought last week is already broken.
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The man who stole my backpack has been arrested.
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The weather that we had this summer was beautiful.
Learn more about using
defining relative clauses correctly.
Non-defining clauses
A
non-defining or non-essential clause gives us more
information about the person or thing we are talking about. If a
non-defining relative clause is removed from a sentence, we lose some
detail, but the overall meaning of the sentence remains the same.
Non-defining relative clauses are always set off from the rest of the
sentence with commas or parentheses.
Examples
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The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us 10 pounds of potatoes.
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Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds of 10 or more adults.
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The author, who graduated from the same university I did, gave a wonderful presentation.
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My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris.
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